Global treaty body raises alarm over growing nuclear threats

The Executive Secretary of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organisation (CTBTO), Dr. Robert Floyd, has expressed deep concern over renewed global tensions involving nuclear weapons.

He also warned that recent rhetoric from world leaders signals a dangerous shift toward the potential use and testing of such weapons.

Speaking during a lecture at the Nigerian Institute of International Affairs (NIIA) in Lagos on Thursday, Floyd described the current atmosphere as troubling, noting that countries once committed to nuclear deterrence are now making bold threats of actual use.

He said, “What’s alarming is the shift in tone. In the past, nuclear weapons were seen purely as a deterrent, but now we’re hearing discussions about potential use. That kind of language is reckless and undermines international peace and stability.”

Delivering his lecture titled The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty as a Model of Multilateral Success: What it Means for Africa, Today and Tomorrow, Floyd emphasized that nuclear conflict and climate change are two of the greatest threats facing humanity today.

Although North Korea remains the only country to have developed nuclear weapons in the past 20 years, Floyd warned that mounting global tensions could lead to a renewed interest in nuclear testing.

Despite the challenges, Floyd celebrated the positive impact of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT), which was adopted in 1996 to prohibit all forms of nuclear explosions.

He highlighted that 187 countries have signed the treaty, and 178 have ratified it, showing broad international commitment to a nuclear test-free world.

However, he noted that nine countries, including North Korea, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, have yet to sign the treaty. Additionally, 18 others—including the United States, China, Russia, Israel, and Iran—have signed but not ratified it.

“These countries aren’t necessarily against the treaty,” Floyd clarified. “But many have not prioritized ratification, and that delays global progress.”

Still, he expressed hope that more nations would come on board in the interest of global security.

Floyd also praised Africa’s strong support for the treaty, revealing that 52 out of 54 African countries have signed the CTBT.

“Africa is setting a powerful example,” he said. “The continent has shown strong commitment to preventing the spread of nuclear weapons. If more countries go nuclear, the fallout would be disastrous—especially for developing nations.”

He encouraged African states to embrace the peaceful benefits of nuclear technology, especially in areas like energy development.

“The CTBT offers a safer, more secure world for all countries—big or small,” he added.

During his presentation, Floyd also spoke about the CTBTO’s global monitoring network, which is designed to detect any nuclear explosion.

He said the International Monitoring System includes 321 stations and 18 laboratories across 89 countries, capable of picking up signs of nuclear activity, earthquakes, meteor strikes, and volcanic eruptions.

“Our verification system is vital—not just today, but also in a future without nuclear weapons. It’s the tool that helps keep nations honest and ensures disarmament,” he explained.

Floyd concluded his remarks with a call to action, especially to younger generations: “The future of this world is in your hands. I will keep doing my part to uphold the legacy of those who fought hard to bring the CTBT to life.”

The event was chaired by Professor Femi Otubanjo of the NIIA, with the institute’s Director-General, Professor Eghosa Osaghae, delivering the opening remarks.